Machine for use in transmitting energy by means of alternately-moving air-columns.



H. CHRISTIANSEN.

MACHINE FOR USE IN TRANSMITTING ENERGY BY MEANS OF ALTERNATELY MOVING AIR COLUMNS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 26. I916. RENEWED SEPT. I7; I91]- Patented Oct. 30, 1917.

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MACHINE FOR USE IN TRANSMITTING ENERGY BY MEANS OF ALTERNATELY MOVING AIR CO LUMNS.

APPLICATION HLED OCT. 26, 19W. RENEWED SEPT. I7. 1911- 7 1,244,955. Patented Oct. 30,1917.

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W [drink/5 (ink/lame- UNITED stares rai'rnnr enrich HEINRICH OHRISTIANSEN, 0F PINNE'BERG, GERMANY.

MACHINE FOR USE IN TRANSMITTING ENERGY BY MEANS OF ALTERNATELY-MOVINQ:

AIR-COLUMNS.

Patented Oct. 30,- 1917.

Application filed October 26, 1916, Serial 170,127,831. Renewed September 17, 1917. Serial No.19 1,903.

To all whom it may concern:

Be, it known that I, HEINRICH Cnnrsrmn- SEN, a citizen of the German Empire, resident at Pinneberg, in the Kingdom ofPrussia, German Empire, have invented new and useful Improvements Relating to Machines for Use in Transmitting Energy by Means of Alternately-IilovingAir-Columns, of which the following is a specification. 7 v

This invention relates to machinesadapted to produce alternate to and fro movements of air-columns, which air-columns can be employed in, turn for the operation of percussion tools, the alternate to and fro movements of the air-columns causing the reciprocation of a piston-hammer which, in its movement in one direction, strikes the rear end of the tool, proper, such for example as a rock tool or chisel. The air columns are moved backward and farward at a rate dependent upon the number of revolutions per minute of the machine, and they cause a corresponding number of impulses to be given by the hammer-piston of the percussion tool. In view of the fact that the number of impulses per minute which must be imparted'to, the tool for many kinds of work is. very high, for example 1,000, 2,000 or even more strokes per minute the ma chine is subjected to very heavy shocks by the reciprocating masses, and its parts are subjected to heavy stresses resulting in rapid wear while largely increasing the diliiculty oi erecting the transportable machine. Machines of this kind have frequently to be erected on high structures, for examplein connection with bridge construction, shipbuilding and the like, and they must be safely mounted in position on such structures withoutany special means of attachment.

In the. machine asconstructed according to the present invention, the wearing away of the moving parts is slight owing to the particular arrangement adopted. The new machine is very. compact and is easy to erect. Shocks or vihrations in the machine, even at the highest speeds of working, are reduced/to suchfan extent that they are quite harmless and are almost imperceptible. The reciprocating pistons which serve for imparting the alternate to, and fro movements to thecolumns of air, are driven from the inside thereot'.- Thefresistance to acmoving parts which move in opposite direct lons in pairs, and'th'e particular means em ployed for actuating the pistons assists in attaining. the same object; in this way the creation of unbalanced force-couples is substantially obviated.' V

In the accompanying drawings Figures 1 to 3 show one example of construction according to this invention, and Figs. at to 6 show a second example of construction.

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the machine. V I i i i Fig. '2 shows A-B of Fig. 1. V

Fig. 3' shows a longitudinal section of a piston on the line CD of Fig. 2.

Fig. at shows a longitudinal section of a modified construction of the machine.

Fig. 5 shows a section of a piston at right angles to Fig. l, and

Fig. 6 shows a cross section of a piston.

a cross section on the line In the exam lelot construction shown in Figs. 1 to 3, a is a cylinder to which is. secureda casing b for the reception of the driving'wheels r and T The cylinder a is closed at its two ends by cover plates ,0

and 6 In the cylinder aare mounted two pistons (Z and (Z adapted to be moved toward and awayirom one another. Each of the p stons d and (Z is composed of two parts which are connected together by two bolts. together the two parts'of the piston d are shown iii-Figs. 2 and 3. The two parts oit the piston (Z are connected together in a similar manner; The two halves of the piston d, and similarly the two halves or the piston (Z form in each case a straight guide f or f for a crank slide 2', is, or 2' 70 Each of the crank shafts g, g is of a total length which is less than that of the internal diameter of the cylinder (4, so that each of the pistons (Z, (Z can be inserted into the cylinder o'froni one end thereof, after the crank shaft-s g", have been placed therein. Each crankshaft is mounted in position by placing'the crank shaft (9 or 9 with its crank-pin It or 12 and one hearing cap ior i in one half of the guide or then placing the other'bearing cap For 70 on The bolts e, 6 serving to connect the crank pin and finally placingthe other half of the piston (Z or (Z in position and bolting it to the first half of the piston. The bearings for the two outer crank pins of each crank-shaft consist of one-part bushings 'm m or m m which are more suitable for this purpose than two-part bearings. The bushings m m and m m are inserted through suitable cylindrical holes in the cylinder a and passed over the ends of the crank shafts g, 9 which have been brought into the correct position, the bushings being then secured in the cylinder 0,. Through one of the hollow ends of each crank shaft 9, g is passed a shaft 0' or 0 and connected to the crank shaft by a key p or 29 On the outer ends of the shafts 0, 0 projecting into the casing 32 are keyed driving wheels 7* T The toothed gear 8 for driving both wheels simultaneously is mounted between the two wheels and is mounted either directly, upon the motor shaft for effecting the drive or upon a shaft driven therefrom. By reason of this arrangement and as the wheels 7 and r are of the same size the two crank shafts g, turn in the same time through the same angle of movement in opposite directions. Ihe crank shafts g and g are so adjusted that they both reach the inner dead center as shown in Fig. 1, and after turning through 180 both reach the outer dead center simultaneously.

In the construction shown three cylinder spaces are formed, an inner cylinder space between the two pistons d and (Z and two outer cylinder spaces one between the piston Z and the cylinder cover 0 and the other between the piston 03 and the cylinder cover 0 he inner cylinder space is connected by a passage to a port a. to which a line of piping may be connected. The two outer cylinder spaces communicate at their outerends with ports '0 11 which are connected by passages 10 and 4.0 to a port a; provided at the central plane of the cylinder (Figs. 1 and 2).

The machine illustrated in Figs. l3 has the disadvantage that the pistons must be heavy in consequence of the straight guides f and f therein, and that even with good lubrication the crank drive consumes a considerable amount of power while with insufficient lubrication the consumption of power becomes very excessive.

According to the construction shown in Figs. 4 to 6, in which corresponding parts are indicated by the same references as in Figs. l-3, the above-mentioned disadvantages are overcome by replacing the crank slide by a connecting rod mounted in the interior of the piston so that the weight of the piston is considerably reduced.

Each of the pistons d d is a closed'ended cylinder with comparatively thin'walls, the outer end being marked 1 and the inner end being marked 2. 'lhe cylindrical wall of each piston (2 (Z is formed in its central plane adjacent the crank shaft with two oppositely disposed wide openings 3 (through which the crank shaft passes). In a central plane perpendicular to the crank shaft two oppositely disposed narrow openings &, l are formed; through one of these openings a, the lubricating oil is introduced to the crank pin. In, a central opening in the outer end 1 of each piston is mounted by' means of a screwed cap 5 a bearing block .6 for the crosshead pin 7. To the pin 7 is connected the connecting rod 2 ore which engages with the crank pin of the crank shaft 9' or 9 In this case as in that of Figs. 1 to 3, the piston cl, (Z can beintroduced into the cylinder from one end after the crank shafts g and g and the connecting rods 2 and .2 have been placed therein.

1 claim:

1. A machine for use in transmitting energy by means of alternately moving aircolumns, comprising a cylinder, a'piston mounted for reciprocation in said cylinder, a crank shaft arranged inthe interior of said piston, said crank shaft being shorter in length than the internal diameter: of the cylinder. means operatively connecting the crank-shaft to the piston, bushings in the cylinder walls supporting the crank shaft, and driving means for the crank shaft.

2. A machine for use in transmitting energyrby meansof alternately moving aircolumns, comprising a closed-ended cylinder 100 having two ports and means of communition between the central part of the cylinder and one of the ports and between the ends of the cylinder andthe other port, a pair of pistons mounted for reciprocation in said cylinder, a crank-shaft arranged in the interior of each of the pistons, said crankshafts being shorter in length than the internal diameter of the cylinder, stationary bushings in the cylinder walls for supporting the crank-shafts, means operatively connecting the crank-shafts to their respective pistons, and driving means for said crank-shafts, said driving means being so arranged that. the pistons are moved toward and away from one another alternately at the same speed.

3. A machine for use in transmitting energy by means of alternately moving allcolumns. comprising a'cylinder, a pair of closed-ended hollow pistons mounted for reciprocation in said cylinder, a crank-shaft arranged in the interior of each of said pistons, each of said crank-shafts being shorter than the internal diameter of said cylinder, whereby it is rendered possible to insert the pistons in the cylinder with the crankshafts in place in said pistons, each of said pistons being formed with slots in its side walls adjacent the ends of the crank shafts, means for driving said crank shafts at the same speed in opposite directions, epivot pin In Witness whereof I have hereunto set 1n one end of each piston and means for semy hand in presence of two Witnesses.

curing it therein a connecting rod between the pivot pin and crank pin in each piston, HEINRICH CHRISTIANSEN' and ports communicating respectively with Witnesses:

the center and with the ends of said cy1in- FRANCIS R. STEWART, der. M. BRINKMAN.

topics of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Sommissioner-ot Eatents. Washington, D. (2. 

